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Male octopus injects female with venom during sex to avoid being eaten

Some male octopuses tend to get eaten by their sexual partners, but male blue-lined octopuses avoid this fate with help from one of nature’s most potent venoms

By Martin Lührmann

10 March 2025

Âé¶¹´«Ã½. Science news and long reads from expert journalists, covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment on the website and the magazine.

A male blue-lined octopus mounts a female during mating and injects venom into her body

WEN-SUNG CHUNG

During mating, some male octopuses inject females with their potent venom to paralyse them – and avoid being eaten by their mates.

Typically, animals use venom to kill prey or defend themselves from predators. Some species of pufferfish, for example, possess one of nature’s most potent venoms, tetrodotoxin, as a defence mechanism. Several blue-ringed octopus species use tetrodotoxin as a powerful weapon to quickly immobilise and kill their prey.

Now, in a…

Article amended on 19 March 2025

We corrected a statement about how pufferfish acquire tetrodotoxin

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