Michigan Technological University is patenting a way to track the position of a cellphone user (WO2004/105356). A vehicle-mounted transmitter drives around the area under investigation and prompts phones in the area to respond with their identity numbers. When the receiver detects a signal from the phone in question, it uses a directional antenna to work out which direction the phone is in. By sending out a brief clock signal and checking the time it takes to get a response, it can tell how far away the phone is, so pinpointing its position.
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