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Humans

How expectations shape your life

See more: An illustrated version of this article will be published within the next two weeks on our

By Irving Kirsch

3 October 2012

In Mind Over Mind, Chris Berdik makes a compelling case that what we assume or expect from the world changes how we experience it

ONE purpose of your brain is to anticipate events. You decide how to behave largely on the basis of the outcomes you expect, and these expectations alter your experience of yourself and of the world.

The ability to predict the future has survival value. Experimental psychologists have found that even animals like mice form expectations that guide their behaviour. Animals need to know what will happen next in order to survive. As the philosopher Daniel Dennett…

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