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Is there the same number of electrons as protons in the universe?

This isn’t true for Earth, nor is it the case for the universe, explains one reader

4 September 2024

2DBWHRA A Atom with electrons and protons moving in the microcosmos.

Panther Media/Alamy

Is there exactly the same number of electrons as there are protons in the universe? Is that also true of Earth at any given moment?

Eric Kvaalen
Les Essarts-le-Roi, France

In most stars, hydrogen is turning into helium, and the process starts with two protons coming together to form helium-2. This usually splits back apart very quickly, but sometimes one of the protons turns into a neutron, a neutrino and a positron (a positively charged anti-electron). The positron annihilates quickly with an electron.

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