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Letter: Getting to the bottom of the simulation mystery (1)

Published 14 January 2026

From Dave Holtum, Bath, UK

Tim Rafferty’s claim that simulators would only have to “simulate our ability to observe the universe” is often called lazy evaluation, but it faces a number of hurdles (Letters, 3 January).

Objects cannot simply “pop” into existence: their current state requires a massive, recursive calculation of their entire history, effectively forcing a full-scale simulation. If the simulator didn’t do this, it would be obvious to us that we were living in a simulation.

Quantum mechanics also complicates things. Superposition requires tracking all possible states simultaneously, while entanglement demands global overhead. Rather than saving power, these quantum features are computationally more taxing than a fixed, classical reality, making “lazy” shortcuts scientifically improbable.

Issue no. 3578 published 17 January 2026

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